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Health education methods
Introduction Health education is a social science that integrates knowledge from biological, environmental, psychological, physical, and medical sciences to promote health and prevent disease, disability, and premature death through education-driven voluntary behavior change…
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Housing
Introduction The concept of housing in the modern context encompasses more than just the “physical structure providing shelter.” It also includes the immediate surroundings, community facilities, and related services. Housing, often referred to…
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Excreta disposal
Introduction Human excreta refers to all excretory discharges, such as urine and stool, from human bodies. Human excreta is a significant source of infection, especially for the gastrointestinal system, and is a major…
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Liquid waste management/Sewage disposal
Introduction Sewage refers to wastewater generated by a community, comprising both solid and liquid excreta, originating from residential areas, street and yard cleaning, as well as industrial sources. It typically manifests as contaminated…
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Solid waste management
Introduction Solid waste refers to unwanted or useless solid materials generated by human habitation, excluding human excreta. It encompasses garbage (such as food and water remnants), rubbish (including paper, plastic, wood, and metal),…
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Noise pollution
Introduction Sound/noise pollution Sound is a ubiquitous aspect of human and animal existence, serving as a crucial medium for communication and entertainment. It also functions as an effective alarm system. While low-volume sounds…
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Air pollution
Introduction Air pollution, whether occurring indoors or outdoors, refers to the contamination of the air through physical, biological, or chemical alterations in the atmosphere. It ensues when harmful gases, dust, or smoke enter…
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Vital Health Statistics
Demography The word “demography” is derived from two ancient Greek words: “demos,” meaning “the people,” and “graphy,” meaning “writing about or recording something.” Therefore, literally, demography means “writing about the people or measurement.”…
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Immunization
Revised National Immunization Schedule 2080 S.N Vaccine Age Route Frequency Site Dose Prevent against 1 BCG (Bacillus Calmette Guerin) At birth Intradermal Once Rt. arm 0.05ml Tuberculosis 2 Pentavalent Vaccine (Diphtheria, Pertussis,…
